PEA/PIE Y-DNA Results

[RichPea777]

PEA/PIE Y-DNA Results - R1b Haplogroup

Below is a link to the yDNA results for Pea family descending from Jacob Pea/Pie born 1740 who married Rachel Maquinet. The results have been posted online at http://ysearch.org, and can be used to search for genetic matches within the large database they use.

PEA Y-DNA Link
http://www.ysearch.org/search_view.asp?uid...ewuid=YEYKW&p=1

If you would like to have a PDF of these results, please PM me so I can send it to you.

R1b Haplogroup Info:
from Ancestry.com

R1b Paternal Ancient Ancestry Haplogroup R1b first arrived first arrived in Europe from West Asia during the Upper Paleolithic period (35,000-40,000 years ago) at the beginning of the Aurignacian culture. This culture is one of the first within Europe to leave cave art, and their stone tools were more refined than previous periods. The Périgordian culture is also thought by some to have existed at this time.

As the last ice age began, it became necessary to move down to below the tree line to hunt game. At its peak, the ice shelf within Europe extended down as far as southern Ireland, the middle of England and across northern Germany. Scandinavia was entirely covered. The sea ice pack extended as far as northern Spain, and tundra covered much of continental Europe. The tree line at the height of the ice age extended as far south as southern France, northern Italy, the northern Balkans and across the Black Sea.

People with Haplogroup R1 Y-chromosomes retreated to below these regions where they established themselves. As the ice age ended and the fauna and flora were able to move northward again, people in R1b also migrated north. Haplogroup R1 appears in about 50% of the total European population whereas R1b remains by far the most common haplogroup in western Europe (Spain, Portugal, France, UK and Ireland). R1b3, one of the most successful clades, has its origins about 11,800 years ago. Within the British Isles, a genetic pattern called the Atlantic Modal Haplotype (AMH) features greatly among the Irish and Welsh. Some researchers consider this haplotype to be representative of the early Celtic migrations. Haplogroup R1b is prevalent within South America because of the influx of Iberian Y chromosomes to the continent over the last 500 years.

This post has been edited by RichPea777 on May 23 2008, 09:49 AM

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[RichPea777]

Certificate of Y-chromosome Analysis

Sorenson Genomics is ISO 17025 accredited for DNA testing and analysis by Forensic Quality Services International (FQS-I).
http://www.forquality.org

Page 1 of 1 T072191 8/23/2007 RPT-4005 Rev. C

Sorenson Genomics LLC
2495 South West Temple
Salt Lake City, UT 84115
(801) 462-1401

Emily Jeskie
Senior Data Analyst

Participant: Terry Alan Pea Case Number: T072191
Birth Date: 5/13/1950

Explanation of Results:
Sorenson Genomics has analyzed the following genetic locations (loci) of the Y-chromosome to establish a haplotype for Terry Alan Pea. This haplotype is the set of tested loci and the observed allele value at each locus as shown in the table below. Testing was performed on your biological specimen using a process known as the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Report Date: 8/23/2007

Locus Allele
DYS391 10
DYS390 25
DYS389II 33
DYS426 12
DYS393 13
DYS392 13
DYS389I 14
DYS19b -
DYS19a 13
DYS385a 14
DYS388 12
DYS385b 18
DYS446 13
DYS445 12
DYS444 13
DYS449 30
DYS448 19
DYS447 26
DYS438 11
DYS437 15
DYS439 11
DYS442 17
DYS441 15
DYS460 11
DYS459b 10
DYS459a 9
DYS463 24
DYS462 12
DYS461 13
DYS454 11
DYS452 31
DYS455 11
DYS458 19
DYS456 15
YCAIIa 19
GGAAT1B07 11
DYS635 22
Y-GATA-H4.1 21
Y-GATA-A10 15
YCAIIb 21
DYS464f -
DYS464b 15
DYS464a 14
DYS464c 16
DYS464e -
DYS464d 16

Instructions on how to use your results can be found on our website: http://www.relativegenetics.com

The accompanying document 'Understanding Y-chromosome Test Results' provides information about this certificate.

[RichPea777]

Locus and Allele Changes

Below are copies of pdfs detailing the count changes to Y-chromosome markers. These will help explain some of the results listed above for the Pea lineage.

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SUBJECT: Relative Genetics Changes Allele Values for Five Y Chromosome Markers.

Dear Relative Genetics Valued Customer,

On June 18th, 2007, we announced an exciting new partnership with the online genealogy leader, Ancestry.com, by way of our parent company and laboratory, Sorenson Genomics. DNA testing and select genetic genealogy services formerly provided by Relative Genetics are now offered exclusively through Ancestry.com. All Relative Genetics’ information will migrate to Ancestry.com except for data of individuals who have expressly notified us to the contrary.

As part of the data migration, we are taking the opportunity to recalibrate some of the markers in our data set, specifically DYS 442, DYS 452, DYS 463, GATA A10, and GATA H4. These changes are effective as of August 1, 2007.

Sorenson Genomics adopts industry standards in reporting nomenclature as specified by organizations, such as the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG). While your DNA remains constant, adopting the most current naming conventions often results in changes to your haplotype data, as is the case with these five markers. You may be aware that there are some discrepancies within the genetic genealogy community in the names and methods used to identify loci and allele values. This is to be expected in an emerging field with ever-advancing scientific methods and discoveries. As the industry identifies and adopts new markers, the standards bodies periodically respond by making recommendations for a standardized naming convention for each marker. As a result, it becomes necessary for us to adjust our reporting nomenclature to meet these conventions.

Allele Changes
DYS442
Action taken: Increased allele value by 5 to include the following repeat structure: (TATC)2(TGTC)3(TATC)n. Formerly, only the (TATC)n repeat was counted.

DYS452
Action taken: Increased allele value by 19 to include the following repeat structure (TATAC)2(TGTAC)2(TATAC)n(CATAC)1(TATAC)1(CATAC)1
(TATAC)3-4(CATAC)0-2(TATAC)0-3(CATAC)1(TATAC)3. Formerly, only the (TATAC)n repeat was counted.

DYS463
Action taken: Increased allele value by 2 to include the following repeat structure: (AAAGG)n(AAGGG)n(AAGGA)2. Formerly, only the (AAAGG)n(AAGGG)n repeats were counted.

GATA A10
Action taken: Increased allele value by 2 to include the following repeat structure: (TCCA)2(TATC)n. Formerly, only the (TATC)n repeat was counted.

GATA H4
Action taken: Locus name has changed to GATA H4.1 to reflect the correct region of DNA amplification. Allele values will be increased by 10 to include the following repeat structure (AGAT)4CTAT(AGAT)2(AGGT)3(AGAT)n. Formerly, only the (AGAT)n repeat was counted.

Adopted allele and locus nomenclature guidelines as set forth by the International Society of Forensic Genetics: L. Gusmao et. al. Forensic Science International 157 (2006) 187-197.

Certificates
Relative Genetics’ customer certificates, available in PDF format on the www.relativegenetics.com website, are being modified to reflect the nomenclature changes described above. Presently, the PDF link has been removed from the website until the certificates are modified. As certificates are modified, the new PDF link will be activated on the website. Please note that the data in your MYDNA, MYPROJECTS and MYSEARCH website page views do accurately reflect the above changes to each locus.

Should you have any questions about this change, please contact us via info@relativegenetics.com or our Client Support Team 800-956-9362.
It has been our pleasure to provide genetic genealogy services and support to our faithful and valued customers over the years.

Best regards,

The Relative Genetics Team

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SUBJECT: Relative Genetics Changes Allele Values for Y Chromosome Marker DYS441.

Dear Relative Genetics Valued Customer,

On August 1st, 2007, we announced calibration changes to five different Y chromosome markers. These changes were made in an effort to be strictly compliant to the most recent nomenclature guidelines as set forth by the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG): L. Gusmao et al. Forensic Science International 157 (2006) 187-197. As part of our effort to comply with these recommendations, we feel it important to notify you of a variance that has just recently been identified at locus DYS441. The ISFG guidelines have suggested that this locus be called using the TTCC repeat rather than the CCTT repeat as described in the original article published by Iida et al. in the International Journal of Legal Med. (2001) 115:54-56. When using the newly recommended repeat motif it becomes necessary for us to increase all DYS441 results by a value of one (1). Changes to this locus are effective as of August 23, 2007.

Sorenson Genomics adopts industry standards in reporting nomenclature as specified by organizations, such as the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG). While your DNA remains constant, adopting the most current naming conventions often results in changes to your haplotype data, as is the case with this marker. You may be aware that there are some discrepancies within the genetic genealogy community in the names and methods used to identify loci and allele values. This is to be expected in an emerging field with ever-advancing scientific methods and discoveries. As the industry identifies and adopts new markers, the standards bodies periodically respond by making recommendations for a standardized naming convention for each marker. As a result, it becomes necessary for us to adjust our reporting nomenclature to meet these conventions.

Certificates
Relative Genetics’ customer certificates, available in PDF format on the www.relativegenetics.com website, are being modified to reflect the nomenclature change described above. Presently, the PDF link has been removed from the website until the certificates are modified. As certificates are modified, the new PDF link will be activated on the website. Please note that the data in your MYDNA, MYPROJECTS and MYSEARCH website page views do accurately reflect the above changes to each locus.

Should you have any questions about this change, please contact us via info@relativegenetics.com or our Client Support Team 800-956-9362.
It has been our pleasure to provide genetic genealogy services and support to our faithful and valued customers over the years.

Best regards,

The Relative Genetics Team

[RichPea777]

From Ancestry.com
http://dna.ancestry.com/learnMorePaternal.aspx

Paternal Lineage Test

Paternal Lineage and the Y-Chromosome

A male providing his Y-chromosome sample also represents the DNA of his father, paternal grandfather, and so on up the paternal line. Y-chromosome results are generally identical throughout the paternal line. But because mutations do occur, it is possible for a son's results to be slightly different from his father's or his brother's.
Women, in spite of not carrying a Y-chromosome, can still trace their paternal lineage. Using a DNA sample provided by a brother, father, or another paternal relative (for example, a male cousin) a woman can treat these Y results as if they were her own.

Y-chromosome test

The Y-DNA test looks at specific regions of the Y-chromosome. These regions are known to contain a series of repeating sequences of DNA molecules (for more information see short tandem repeat). All men have these repeating segments; what differs between men is the number of times the specific sequence repeats. Counting these repeats is what constitutes the results of the Y-DNA test. DNA Ancestry offers two Y-chromosome tests: Y-DNA 33 or Y-DNA 46 markers (or locations on the Y-chromosome). Testing more markers allows for a more accurate estimate of the relationship between two individuals.

Common Ancestor

Similar to traditional genealogy, finding a common ancestor across pedigrees is the payoff that leads to expanding family trees. DNA testing provides an objective and accurate way to determine a) to what degree you are related and b) approximately how far in the past you may have shared a common ancestor.
The more Y-chromosome markers tested, the greater the precision of the test. For example, an 18 marker Y-chromosome test that matches another participant's test on all 18 markers, allows a common ancestor to be predicted within a range of 1 to 27 generations. Two participants matching on all 46 markers, on the other hand, can narrow their common ancestor to exist within 1 to 10 generations! For most, a Y-DNA test comparison with up to 2 or 3 mismatches will indicate that there is a genealogically relevant relation in past generations.

Paternal Ancient Ancestry

The Y-chromosome test also provides a look into your ancient paternal ancestry through a prediction of your ancient haplogroup, or deep ancestral grouping haplogroups were formed when ancient peoples migrated and branched out from Africa tens of thousands of years ago. As they spread throughout the world and adapted to their new environments, their DNA diversified, creating new groups and subgroups.

About Paternal Lineage Test Results

Your Paternal Lineage test result consists of two components: Y-DNA results and a paternal ancient ancestry prediction.

Y-DNA Results

Your Y-chromosome results will consist of a table of markers tested (numbering from 1 to 33 or from 1 to 46) and a corresponding value for each. Each marker is a specific location on the Y-chromosome and is referred to by its DNA Y-chromosome Segment number (DYS number).
The portions of the Y-chromosome tested are known to produce repeating patterns of nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA.) These Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) are counted at each marker and reported as your DNA result. The profile of repeats is inherited from your father and is what differentiates your specific paternal lineage from another's.
The extent to which your Y-DNA results match other participants will determine how closely related you might be by providing an estimate of how far in the past you shared a common ancestor.
Each of the names of the Y-chromosome locations available for testing are presented in the table. A dash, "-", shown in specific boxes in the table means that results were not produced for that particular location because of two possible factors. First, for markers DYS19b, DYS464e and DYS464f, a lack of result may be due to the fact that these allele results are very rare. Second, the dash may signify the presence of a marker value that cannot be obtained using the current testing methodology.

Paternal Ancient Ancestry

Your Paternal Ancient Ancestry (or Haplogroup) is predicted based on your Y-DNA results. You will receive the name of the haplogroup, a detailed description of the group, and a map showing how your ancient ancestors migrated out of Africa over 100,000 years ago and split off to populate the different regions of the world.
Because particular patterns are seen within particular haplogroups, on most occasions we can predict which haplogroup you are in. Along with the prediction, we also provide the history, background and mapped distribution of your haplogroup.
Please be aware that, while our comparative database uses up-to-date information, it may not be possible to make an accurate prediction on all occasions and sometimes no prediction can be made.

What do I do after I receive my Test Results?

Now that you have your results the next thing to do is to compare your results with other participants in the DNA Ancestry database. Click on the DNA Matches tab to see how closely other participants match your results.

Matching Map

The Map shows the approximate current location throughout the world of the most closely matching participants. Clicking on a figure in the map will display the name (if not anonymous), location, and an estimate of Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA). The list of participant names is sorted by MRCA, with those most closely related to you at the top of the list.
You can directly compare your DNA results with other closely matching participants by clicking the checkbox by their names and pressing the "Compare" button.

Comparison Table

The table displays your selected participants' results in relation to how similar or different they are from your results. When your markers and repeat values match, you will see a checkmark. Where your markers differ, you will see the value highlighted. The greater the number of differences, the more distantly related you are.

Common Ancestor

If you have found a closely matching participant, you can further analyze how related you might be by clicking on the Participant's name. The Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) calculation is based on the number of markers tested and the number of matching values. The MRCA reports the range of generations in which you and another participant may have shared a common ancestor. The closer you match, the more narrow the range of generations will be.

Comparing Pedigrees

Armed with a range of generations in which you might share a common ancestor, you can now begin communicating with your genetic cousins using Ancestry.com Connection Service as the first step towards comparing the genealogies of your two families. If you're fortunate, the common ancestor analysis will narrow your search to a timeframe and you will find the ancestor that joins your two family trees.

Statistics for Calculating Most Recent Common Ancestor

MRCA is a term that is used often in discussions of genetic genealogy. MRCA stands for Most Recent Common Ancestor and it refers to a statistical calculation that determines the likely generation in which two individuals share a common ancestor. The MRCA is often reported with a 95% Confidence Interval. The MRCA number itself is the generation in which it is 50% likely that two individuals are related. The 95% Confidence Interval then gives you a range of generation values that encompass 95% of all possibilities. For example, there is a 95% likelihood that two individuals sharing 25 of 26 alleles will have an MRCA within 11.9 generations expanding between 1.7 and 39.5 generations.

Statistics Used in Genetic Genealogy

The MRCA calculation relies heavily on the mutation rate of the loci. Previously, the Y-chromosome mutation rates that have been used for genealogical purposes have ranged from 0.002-0.004, depending upon the testing laboratory. This value is known as the mutation constant and may be represented by the term µ (pronounced my). This value is the rate at which a change (mutation) is identified at a particular locus from a father to a son. Each marker tested on the Y-chromosome has its own mutation rate, these mutation rates are known for many of the Y-chromosome loci across several human populations (publication is in press). The mutation rate can be affected by several different factors such as population, haplogroup within a population, length of the allele, region on the Y-chromosome, and size of the repeat structure. For those loci where the mutation rate has not yet been determined, DNA Ancestry has chosen to use a rate of .0028. As more data on Y-chromosome mutation rates becomes available, we will re-evaluate our statistical calculation to reflect a more precise measurement for each locus.